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Umnyombo we-GND emibuthanweni
NgesikhathiUkuhlelwa kwe-PCBInqubo, onjiniyela bazobhekana nokwelashwa okuhlukile kwe-GND.
Kungani lokho kwenzeka? Esigabeni sesikimu sokuklama i-scheit, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwemibukela, onjiniyela ngokuvamile bangenisa izintambo ezihlukile zomhlaba we-GND njengamaphoyinti wereferensi we-0V ahlukahlukene asebenzayo, akha ama-loops ahlukile wamanje.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezintambo zomhlaba we-GND:
1. I-Analog Ground Wire AGND
I-Analog Ground Wire agnd isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokujikeleza ye-analog, efana ne-ADC yokuthola umjikelezo wezinzwa ze-analog, njll.
Kule mibuthano ye-analog, ngoba isiginali isinali ye-analog nesibonakaliso esibuthakathaka, ithinteka kalula yimisinga enkulu yeminye imibuthano. Uma kungahlukaniswanga, imisinga emikhulu izokhiqiza amaconsi amakhulu we-voltage ejikeleza lapho kubhekiswe khona umjikelezo we-analog, okwenza ukuthi isibonakaliso se-analog sihlanekezelwe futhi singabangele ukusebenza komjikelezo we-analog ukwehluleka.
2. I-Digital Ground Wire DGND
I-Digital Ground Wire DGND, ngokusobala esihlobene ne-Analog Ground Wire Agnd, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesekethe yedijithali, njengemibuthano yokuthola ukhiye, izibungu zokuxhumana ze-USB,Imibukiso ye-Microcontroller, njll.
Isizathu sokusetha i-Digital Ground Wire DGND yileso sifunda sedijithali sinesici esijwayelekile, okuyinto yesiginali ye-Discrete switch ehlukaniswe kuphela phakathi kwe- "0" no "1", njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwisibalo esingezansi.
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-voltage eshintsha kusuka ku- "0" kuya ku- 1 1 "noma kusuka ku-" 1 "kuya ku-", i-voltage ikhiqiza ushintsho. Ngokusho kwembono kaMaxwell Electromagnetic, ukushintsha kwamanje kuzokhiqiza amandla kazibuthe okuzungezile, kwakha imisebe ye-EMC kwezinye izifunda.
Ukunciphisa umthelela wemisebe ye-EMC emisebeni, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-DGND ye-Digital Ground DGND ehlukile kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kweminye imibuthano.
3. I-Power Ground Wire PGND
Noma ngabe kuyinto ye-analog ground wire agnd noma i-digital Ground Wire DGND, ziyimibuthano yamandla aphansi. Emibuthanweni yamandla aphezulu, njengemibuthano yokushayela izimoto, imibuthano ye-electromagnetic valve drive, futhi kunesethenjwa esihlukile somhlaba obizwa nge-Power Ground Wire PGND.
Imibuthano yamandla aphezulu, njengoba igama libonisa, yimibuthano enemifudlana emikhulu. Ngokusobala, amasondo amakhulu angadala kalula ukulungiswa komhlaba phakathi kokusebenza okuhlukileamasekethe.
Uma sekukhona lapho kususwe emjikelezweni, ugesi wokuqala we-5V kungenzeka angabi yi-5V futhi, kodwa abe ngu-4v. Ngoba i-5V Voltage ihlobene nereferensi ye-0V yereferensi ye-GND Ground Wire. Uma i-Ground Offset ibangela ukuthi i-GND ikhuphuke isuka ku-0V ibe ngu-1v, khona-ke i-5V Voltage (5V-0V = 5V) iba ngu-4V (5V-1V = 4V) manje.
I-4
I-Analog Ground Wire AGND, I-Digital Ground Wire DGND, kanye ne-Power Ground Wire PGND konke kuhlukaniswe njenge-DC Ground Wire Wire GND. Lezi zinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezintambo zomhlaba kufanele zonke ziqoqwe ndawonye njenge-0V Reference Round Wire for isifunda sonke, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Power Supply Ground Wire GND.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla kuwumthombo wamandla wazo zonke iziyingi. Wonke amavoluti kanye namanje adingekayo ukuze umjikelezo asebenze kuwo avela kumandla. Ngakho-ke, i-Ground Wire GND ye-Power Supply iyindawo yesethenjwa ye-0V Voltage yawo wonke amasekethe.
Kungakho ezinye izinhlobo zezintambo zomhlaba, noma ngabe ziyi-analog guar wire agnd, i-digital Ground Wire DGND noma i-Power Ground Wire PGND, kumele zonke ziqoqwe kanye namandla okuhlinzeka nge-Power Supply Ground GND.
5. I-AC Ground Wire CGND
I-AC Ground Wire CGND ngokuvamile itholakala emibuthanweni enemithombo yamandla e-AC, njengamasekethe wokuhlinzekwa kwamandla we-AC-DC.
Imibuthano yokuhlinzekwa kwamandla e-AC-DC ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Isigaba sangaphambili somjikelezo yi-AC Circuit, futhi isiteji sangemuva yisifunda se-DC, esiphoqelekile ukuba sakhe izintambo ezimbili zomhlaba, enye ingucingo lomhlabathi we-AC, kanti elinye liyi-DC Ground Wire.
I-AC Ground Wire isebenza njengendawo yereferensi ye-0V yengxenye yesifunda se-AC, kanye ne-DC Ground Wire isebenza njengendawo yesethenjwa ye-0V yengxenye yesifunda ye-DC. Imvamisa, ukuze uhlanganise umhlaba we-wire gnd esifundweni, unjiniyela uzoxhuma i-AC Ground Wire eya ku-DC Ground Wire nge-capacitor noma i-inductor.
6. Umhlaba womhlaba we-Wire Egnd
I-voltage yokuphepha yomzimba womuntu ingaphansi kuka-36V. Uma ugesi wedlula i-36V esetshenziswa emzimbeni womuntu, kuzolimaza umzimba womuntu. Lokhu kungumqondo ojwayelekile wokuphepha konjiniyela lapho uthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamaphrojekthi wesifunda.
Ukuthuthukisa isici sokuphepha sesifunda, onjiniyela ngokuvamile basebenzisa i-Earth Ground Wire Wire Ebd kumaphrojekthi aphezulu namanje, njengemishini yasendlini enjengabathandi bakagesi, iziqandisini, kanye namathelevishini. Isokisi elinomsebenzi wokuvikela umxhwele likhonjiswa esithombeni esingezansi.
Isizathu esenza ukuthi izisekelo ze-Moucle Appliance ziba nama-terminals amathathu ngoba, yize amandla angama-220v AC adinga kuphela ucingo olubukhoma nocingo olungathathi hlangothi, ukuphela kwesithathu komhlaba okuvikelayo emhlabeni (i-EGD).
Ama-terminals amabili asetshenziselwa izintambo ezibukhoma nezingathathi hlangothi zamandla angama-220V, kuyilapho ukuphela kwesithathu kusebenza njengomhlaba ovikelayo (i-EGD).
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umhlaba umhlaba (i-EGD) uxhumeke kuphela emhlabeni futhi uhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kumandla kagesi ophakeme. Akubambi iqhaza ekusebenzeni kweSifunda futhi akuhlobene nomsebenzi wesekethe.
Ngakho-ke, uMhlaba indawo (i-EGND) inokubaluleka kukagesi okuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zenhlabathi (GND).
Ukuhlola umgomo we-GND:
Onjiniyela bangase bazibuze ukuthi kungani kukhona ukuxhumeka okuningi kangaka kokuxhunyaniswa komhlaba (GND) nokuthi kungani kudingeka ukwethula imisebenzi eminingi ye-GND.
Imvamisa, onjiniyela benze lula ukubizwa kokuxhumeka kwe-GND ku- "GND" ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa emiklamo ye-schematic, okwenza kube nzima ukukhomba izizathu ezisebenzayo zesifunda ngesikhathi sesakhiwo se-PCB. Ngenxa yalokho, konke ukuxhumana kwe-GND kumane nje kuxhunyiwe.
Yize lokhu kusebenza okwenziwe lula kulula, kuholela ochungechungeni lwezinkinga:
1. Ukuphazamiseka kwesiginali:
Uma ukuxhumana okuhlukile kokusebenza komhlaba (GND) kuxhumeke ngokuqondile, amasekethe anamandla aphezulu ahamba ngomhlaba (i-GND) angaphazamisa i-0V Preferent Point (GND) yemibuthano yamandla aphansi, okuholela eCrostalt Crostalk phakathi kwemibuthano ehlukene.
2. Ukunemba kwesiginali:
Ngemibuthano ye-analog, ukunemba kwesiginali kuyinto metric ebalulekile yokuhlola. Ukulahlekelwa ukunemba kwehlisa ukubaluleka kokuqala okubonakalayo kwemibuthano ye-analog.
Umhlaba (CGND) wokuhlinzekelwa kwamandla we-AC uguquguquka ku-waveform ye-sinusoidal yesikhathi esithile, okwenza i-voltage yayo iguquguquke futhi. Ngokungafani ne-DC Ground (GND), ehlala njalo nge-0V.
Lapho ukuxhumana okuhlukile kwe-Circuit Groult (GND) kuxhunyiwe, ukuguquguquka kokuhamba kwe-cyclical kwe-AC Ground (CGND) kungathinta ushintsho ku-analog emhlabathini (agnd), ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba kwamandla kagesi kwezimpawu ze-analogi.
3. I-EMCUkuhlola:
Isiginali ebuthakathaka, ubuthakathaka imisebe ye-electromagnetic ye-electromagnetic yangaphandle (EMC). Isiginali esinamandla, iqine i-EMC yangaphandle.
Uma ukuxhumana okuhlukile kwe-Circuit Ground Ground (GND) kuxhunyiwe, umhlabathi (i-GND) womjikelezo oqinile wesiginali uphazamisa ngqo phansi (GND) yesifunda esibuthakathaka sesiginali. Ngenxa yalokho, isiginali yemisebe ye-electromagnetic yase-electromagnetic yasekuqaleni iba ngumthombo oqinile wemisebe ye-electromagnetic eya ngaphandle, okwenza kube yinselele ngokwengeziwe ukuphatha izivivinyo ze-EMC.
4. Ukwethenjwa kwejikelezo:
Ukuxhumeka okumbalwa phakathi kwezinhlelo zesekethe, okukhulu kwekhono lokusebenza elizimele lomjikelezo ngamunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxhumeka okuningi, amandla okusebenza okusebenzayo okusebenzayo.
Cabanga ngezinhlelo ezimbili zesifunda, a no-b, ngaphandle kwemigwaqo. Ukusebenza kohlelo lwesekethe akufanele kuthinte ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lwesekethe b, kanye okuphambene nalokho.
Lokhu kufana ne-pastriser, lapho izinguquko ezingokomzwelo zomuntu oyedwa zingazange zithinte isimo somunye ngoba asinakho ukuxhumana.
Uma ukuxhumana okuhlukile kwe-Circuit Ground Ground (GND) kuxhunyiwe ngaphakathi kohlelo lokujikeleza, kufaka isixhumanisi sokuxhuma esikhulisa ukuphazanyiswa phakathi kwemibutha, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwesekethe.
UShenzhen Angeke PCB Co, LTD
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-05-2023
