Onjiniyela bakagesi bavame ukubhekana nenkinga yokunquma inani eliphelele lezendlalelo zomklamo we-PCB.Ingabe kungcono ukusebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi noma izendlalelo ezimbalwa?Usenza kanjani isinqumo ngenani lezendlalelo ze-PCB?
1.Isho ukuthini isendlalelo se-PCB?
Izendlalelo ze-PCB zibhekisela ezendlalelo zethusi ezinamekwe nge-substrate.Ngaphandle kwama-PCB ongqimba olulodwa anongqimba olulodwa kuphela lwethusi, wonke ama-PCB anezendlalelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu anenani elilinganayo lezendlalelo.Izingxenye zidayiswa kungqimba olungaphandle, kuyilapho ezinye izendlalelo zisebenza njengokuxhumana kwezintambo.Nokho, amanye ama-PCB asezingeni eliphezulu azoshumeka izingxenye ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo zangaphakathi.
Ama-PCB asetshenziselwa ukwenza amadivaysi e-elekthronikhi ahlukahlukene kanye nemishini ezimbonini ezahlukene, ezifana ne-consumer electronics, izimoto, ezokuxhumana, i-aerospace, ezempi kanye nezokwelapha.
izimboni.Inani lezendlalelo nosayizi webhodi elithile linquma amandla namandla e-PCB.Njengoba inani lezendlalelo likhula, kanjalo nokusebenza.
2.Ungalithola kanjani inani lezendlalelo ze-PCB?
Lapho unquma ngenani elifanele lezendlalelo ze-PCB, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi ngokumelene nesendlalelo esisodwa noma ezimbili.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukwakheka kwesendlalelo esisodwa ngokumelene nalezo zemiklamo ye-multilayer.Lezi zici zingahlolwa ngale mibono emihlanu elandelayo:
2-1.Izosetshenziswa kuphi i-PCB?
Lapho kunqunywa imininingwane yebhodi le-PCB, kubalulekile ukucabangela umshini ohlosiwe noma okokusebenza i-PCB ezosetshenziswa kukho, kanye nezidingo ezithile zebhodi lesifunda zalezo zisetshenziswa.Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlonza ukuthi ngabe ibhodi le-PCB lizosetshenziswa yini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi
imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi eyinkimbinkimbi, noma emikhiqizweni elula enokusebenza okuyisisekelo.
2-2.Iyiphi imvamisa yokusebenza edingekayo ku-PCB?
Indaba yefrikhwensi yokusebenza idinga ukucatshangelwa lapho uklama i-PCB njengoba le pharamitha inquma ukusebenza namandla e-PCB.Ukuze uthole isivinini esiphezulu namandla okusebenza, ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi abalulekile.
2-3.Siyini isabelomali sephrojekthi?
Ezinye izici okufanele zicatshangelwe izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-single
kanye nama-PCB anezingqimba ezimbili ngokumelene nama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi.Uma ufuna i-PCB enamandla amakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, izindleko nakanjani zizoba phezulu kakhulu.
Abanye abantu babuza mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwenani lezendlalelo ku-PCB kanye nenani layo.Ngokuvamile, uma i-PCB inezendlalelo eziningi, intengo yayo iyanda.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuklama nokukhiqiza i-PCB enezingqimba eziningi kuthatha isikhathi eside ngakho kubiza ngaphezulu.Ishadi elingezansi libonisa izindleko ezimaphakathi zama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi kubakhiqizi abathathu abahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo:
PCB oda inani: 100;
Usayizi we-PCB: 400mm x 200mm;
Inombolo yezendlalelo: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.
Ishadi libonisa inani lentengo elimaphakathi lama-PCB ezinkampanini ezintathu ezihlukene, zingafaki izindleko zokuthumela.Izindleko ze-PCB zingahlolwa kusetshenziswa amawebhusayithi ekhotheshini e-PCB, akuvumela ukuthi ukhethe amapharamitha ahlukene njengohlobo lwekhondatha, usayizi, ubuningi, kanye nenani lezendlalelo.Leli shadi linikeza kuphela umbono ojwayelekile wezintengo ezimaphakathi ze-PCB ezivela kubakhiqizi abathathu, futhi izintengo zingahluka ngokuya ngenani lezendlalelo.Izindleko zokuthumela azifakiwe.Izibali ezisebenzayo ziyatholakala ku-inthanethi, ezihlinzekwe abakhiqizi ngokwabo ukusiza amakhasimende ukuthi ahlole izindleko zamasekhethi awo aphrintiwe ngokusekelwe kumapharamitha ahlukene njengohlobo lwekhondatha, usayizi, inani, inani lezendlalelo, izinto zokuhlanganisa, ukujiya, njll.
2-4.Yisiphi isikhathi sokulethwa esidingekayo se-PCB?
Isikhathi sokulethwa sisho isikhathi esisithathayo ukukhiqiza nokuletha ama-PCB angawodwa/akabili/ama-multilayer.Uma udinga ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-PCB, isikhathi sokulethwa sidinga ukunakwa.Isikhathi sokulethwa se-PCB eyodwa/ekabili/ezendlalelo eziningi siyahlukahluka futhi kuya ngosayizi wendawo ye-PCB.Yiqiniso, uma uzimisele ukusebenzisa imali eyengeziwe, isikhathi sokulethwa singancishiswa.
2-5.Iyiphi i-PCB edinga ukuminyana kanye nesiginali?
Inani lezendlalelo ku-PCB lincike ekumineni kwephini kanye nezendlalelo zesignali.Isibonelo, ukuminyana kwephinikhodi okungu-1.0 kudinga izendlalelo zesignali ezingu-2, futhi njengoba ukuminyana kwephinikhodi kuncipha, inani lezendlalelo ezidingekayo lizokhula.Uma ukuminyana kwephinikhodi kungu-0.2 noma ngaphansi, kudingeka okungenani izendlalelo eziyi-10 ze-PCB.
3.Izinzuzo Zezendlalelo Ezihlukile ze-PCB - Ungqimba Olulodwa/Isendlalelo esikabili/Isendlalelo esiningi.
3-1.I-PCB yongqimba olulodwa
Ukwakhiwa kwe-PCB enesendlalelo esisodwa kulula, okuhlanganisa ungqimba olulodwa lwezendlalelo ezicindezelwe nezishiselwe zezinto ezisebenza ngogesi.Isendlalelo sokuqala simbozwe nge-copper-clad plate, bese kusetshenziswa ungqimba lwe-solder-resist.Umdwebo we-PCB enesendlalelo esisodwa ngokuvamile ubonisa imicu emithathu enemibala emele isendlalelo nesembozo saso ezimbili - okumpunga kungqimba lwe-dielectric ngokwalo, onsundu kupuleti eline-copper-clad, kanye nohlaza kungqimba lwe-solder-resist.
Izinzuzo:
● Izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo, ezinokwethenjelwa kwezindleko eziphezulu.
● Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye, ukubhola, ukunamathisela, nokufakwa kulula, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza mancane amathuba okuba ihlangabezane nezinkinga.
● Ezomnotho futhi ilungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
● Inketho efanelekile yemiklamo enokuminyana kancane.
Izicelo:
● Izibali eziyisisekelo zisebenzisa ama-PCB ongqimba olulodwa.
● Amarediyo, njengamawashi omsakazo anenani eliphansi ezitolo ezithengiswayo, ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-PCB ongqimba olulodwa.
● Imishini yekhofi ivamise ukusebenzisa ama-PCB anongqimba olulodwa.
● Ezinye izinto zikagesi zasendlini zisebenzisa ama-PCB anongqimba olulodwa.
3-2.I-PCB enezingqimba ezimbili
I-PCB enezingqimba ezimbili inezingqimba ezimbili ze-copper plating ene-insulating layer phakathi.Izingxenye zibekwe ezinhlangothini zombili zebhodi, yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi i-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili.Akhiwa ngokuxhuma izingqimba ezimbili zethusi kanye ne-dielectric material phakathi, futhi uhlangothi ngalunye lwethusi lungadlulisela amasignali ahlukene kagesi.Zifanele izicelo ezidinga isivinini esikhulu kanye nokupakishwa okuhlangene.
Izimpawu zikagesi zihanjiswa phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zethusi, futhi impahla ye-dielectric phakathi kwazo isiza ukuvimbela lezi zimpawu ukuthi zingaphambanisani.I-PCB enezingqimba ezimbili iyibhodi lesifunda elivame kakhulu futhi elongayo elizokwenziwa.
Ama-PCB anesendlalelo esikabili afana nama-PCB ongqimba olulodwa, kodwa anohhafu ongaphansi onesibuko ohlanekezelwe.Uma usebenzisa ama-PCB anengqimba ekabili, isendlalelo se-dielectric sijiyile kunaleso sama-PCB ongqimba olulodwa.Ukwengeza, kukhona i-copper plating kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ezingaphezulu neziphansi ze-dielectric material.Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezulu nangaphansi kwebhodi elaminate limbozwe nge-solder resist layer.
Umdwebo we-PCB enezingqimba ezimbili ngokuvamile ubukeka njengesemishi elinezingqimba ezintathu, onongqimba olumpunga olujiyile phakathi olumelela i-dielectric, imigqa ensundu ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi ezimele ithusi, kanye nemigqa emincane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu nangaphansi. emele isendlalelo sokumelana ne-solder.
Izinzuzo:
● Idizayini eguquguqukayo iyenza ifaneleke kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene.
● Isakhiwo esinezindleko eziphansi esenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
● Idizayini elula.
● Usayizi omncane ofanele imishini ehlukahlukene.
Izicelo:
Ama-PCB anezingqimba ezimbili afanele uhla olubanzi lwemishini kagesi elula neyinkimbinkimbi.Izibonelo zemishini ekhiqizwe ngobuningi efaka ama-PCB anezingqimba ezimbili zifaka:
● Amayunithi e-HVAC, amasistimu okushisisa nokupholisa avela kumikhiqizo ehlukahlukene konke kufaka phakathi amabhodi esekethe aphrintelwe izendlalelo ezimbili.
● Ama-amplifiers, ama-PCB anezingqimba ezimbili afakwe amayunithi esikhulisi asetshenziswa abaculi abaningi.
● Amaphrinta, ama-peripheral ekhompyutha ahlukahlukene ancike kuma-PCB anezingqimba ezimbili.
3-3.I-PCB enezingqimba ezine
I-PCB enezingqimba ezi-4 iyibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elinezingqimba ezine zokuqhuba: phezulu, izingqimba ezimbili zangaphakathi, nangaphansi.Zombili izendlalelo zangaphakathi ziwumgogodla, ngokuvamile osetshenziswa amandla noma indiza yaphansi, kuyilapho izendlalelo ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi zisetshenziselwa ukubeka izingxenye namasignali omzila.
Izendlalelo zangaphandle zivame ukumbozwa ngesendlalelo sokumelana ne-solder enamaphedi avele ukuze anikeze izindawo zokubeka zokuxhuma amadivayisi abekwe phezulu kanye nezingxenye zembobo.Izimbobo ezidlulayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingqimba ezine, ezihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze zenze ibhodi.
Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zendlalelo:
- Ungqimba 1: Ungqimba olungezansi, ngokuvamile olwenziwe ngethusi.Isebenza njengesisekelo sebhodi lesifunda lonke, ihlinzeka ngokusekela kwezinye izendlalelo.
- Isendlalelo sesi-2: Isendlalelo samandla.Iqanjwe ngale ndlela ngoba inikeza amandla ahlanzekile futhi azinzile kuzo zonke izingxenye zebhodi lesifunda.
- Isendlalelo sesi-3: Ungqimba lwendiza ephansi, olusebenza njengomthombo ophansi wazo zonke izingxenye ebhodini lesekethe.
- Isendlalelo sesi-4: Isendlalelo esiphezulu esisetshenziselwa amasignali omzila nokuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokuxhuma zezingxenye.
Kumklamo we-PCB onezingqimba ezi-4, imikhondo yethusi engu-4 ihlukaniswa yizingqimba ezi-3 ze-dielectric yangaphakathi futhi ivalwe phezulu nangaphansi ngezingqimba ze-solder resist.Ngokuvamile, imithetho yokuklama yama-PCB anezendlalelo ezi-4 iboniswa kusetshenziswa imikhondo engu-9 nemibala emi-3 - ensundu ngethusi, empunga komgogodla kanye ne-prepreg, kanye nohlaza kokumelana ne-solder.
Izinzuzo:
● Ukuqina - Ama-PCB anezendlalelo ezine aqine kakhulu kunamabhodi anesendlalelo esisodwa nakabili.
● Usayizi ohlangene - Idizayini encane yama-PCB anezendlalelo ezine ingalingana nezinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi.
● Ukuguquguquka - Ama-PCB anezendlalelo ezine angasebenza ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemishini kagesi, okuhlanganisa alula nayinkimbinkimbi.
● Ukuphepha - Ngokuqondanisa kahle amandla nezingqimba zomhlabathi, ama-PCB anezingqimba ezine angavikela ekuphazamisekeni kozibuthe.
● I-Lightweight - Amadivayisi ahlonyiswe ngama-PCB anezendlalelo ezine adinga izintambo ezincane zangaphakathi, ngakho ngokuvamile anesisindo esilula.
Izicelo:
● Amasistimu Wesathelayithi - Ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi afakwe kumasathelayithi azungezayo.
● Amadivayisi Aphathwayo - Ama-Smartphones namathebulethi ngokuvamile afakwe ama-PCB anezendlalelo ezine.
● Izisetshenziswa Zokuhlola Umkhathi - Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anezendlalelo eziningi anikeza amandla kumpahla yokuhlola indawo.
3-4.6 izingqimba pcb
I-PCB enezingqimba ezi-6 empeleni iyibhodi enezingqimba ezi-4 ezinezendlalelo ezimbili ezengeziwe zesignali ezingezwe phakathi kwezindiza.Isitaki se-PCB esendlalelo esijwayelekile esingu-6 sihlanganisa izendlalelo zomzila ezingu-4 (ezimbili zangaphandle nezimbili zangaphakathi) nezindiza ezi-2 zangaphakathi (eyodwa eyaphansi neyodwa eyamandla).
Ukunikeza izendlalelo zangaphakathi ezi-2 zamasiginali anesivinini esikhulu kanye nezingqimba ezi-2 zangaphandle zamasiginali anejubane eliphansi kukhulisa kakhulu i-EMI (ukuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic).I-EMI amandla amasiginali ngaphakathi kwemishini kagesi ephazanyiswa imisebe noma induction.
Kunamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene wokuqoqwa kwe-PCB enezingqimba ezi-6, kodwa inani lamandla, isignali, nezendlalelo zaphansi ezisetshenzisiwe zincike ezidingweni zohlelo lokusebenza.
Isitaki se-PCB esendlalelo esijwayelekile esingu-6 sihlanganisa isendlalelo esiphezulu - prepreg - isendlalelo sangaphakathi sangaphakathi - umongo - isendlalelo somzila wangaphakathi - prepreg - isendlalelo sangaphakathi somzila - umongo - isendlalelo sangaphakathi samandla - prepreg - isendlalelo esingezansi.
Nakuba lokhu kuwukucushwa okujwayelekile, kungase kungafaneleki kuwo wonke amadizayini e-PCB, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi umise kabusha izendlalelo noma ube nezendlalelo eziqondile kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwezintambo kanye nokunciphisa i-crosstalk kufanele kubhekwe lapho uzibeka.
Izinzuzo:
● Amandla - Ama-PCB anezingqimba eziyisithupha aminyene kunabanduleli bawo abancane ngakho aqine kakhulu.
● Ukuminyana - Amabhodi anezendlalelo eziyisithupha zalokhu ukujiya anamandla amakhulu okusebenza futhi angasebenzisa ububanzi obuncane.
● Umthamo ophezulu - Ama-PCB anezendlalelo eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu ahlinzeka ngamandla aphelele emishini kagesi futhi anciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuphazamiseka kwe-crosstalk kanye nozibuthe kagesi.
Izicelo:
● Amakhompuyutha - Ama-PCB anezingqimba ezi-6 asize ukushayela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamakhompuyutha omuntu siqu, awenza aminyene, abelula, futhi asheshe.
● Ukugcinwa kwedatha - Umthamo omkhulu wama-PCB anezendlalelo eziyisithupha wenze amadivayisi okugcina idatha ayanda kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
● Amasistimu ama-alamu omlilo - Ngokusebenzisa amabhodi esekethe angu-6 noma ngaphezulu, amasistimu ama-alamu anemba kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuthola ingozi yangempela.
Njengoba inani lezendlalelo ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe likhuphuka ngaphezu kwesendlalelo sesine nesesithupha, izendlalelo zethusi eziqhutshwayo ezengeziwe kanye nezendlalelo ze-dielectric material zengezwe ku-stackup.
Isibonelo, i-PCB enezingqimba eziyisishiyagalombili iqukethe izindiza ezine nezingqimba ezine zethusi zesignali - eziyisishiyagalombili sezizonke - ezixhunywe imigqa eyisikhombisa yezinto ze-dielectric.I-stackup enezendlalelo eziyisishiyagalombili ivalwe ngezendlalelo zemaski ze-dielectric solder phezulu nangaphansi.Empeleni, isitaki se-PCB esinezendlalelo eziyisishiyagalombili siyefana nesendlalelo eziyisithupha, kodwa sinekholomu yethusi ne-prepreg eyengeziwe.
I-Shenzhen ANKE PCB Co., LTD
2023-6-17
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-26-2023
